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Romans 4

 

Review

Spin up:  

  • A letter of encouragement/ Comprehensive in its treatment of the gospel
  • Tearing down the barriers between Jew and gentile -- continues
  • Fruits: Suppressors of truth ( Rom 1:29-32) vs. Spirit of Truth (Gal 5:22-23)
  • Learning to follow the pronouns/Look for “by no means!”
  • Purpose/function of God’s Law (knowledge of sin; leads to Savior)
  • Universal sinfulness of man; God’s judgment of sin
  • Hypocrisy warnings, exhortation to self-examination
  • Started the discussion of justification by faith vs. works – lots on this today

ESV Romans 4:1 What then shall we say was gained by Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not before God. 3 For what does the Scripture say? "Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness."


This is a good place to wrestle with the faith and works issue, especially since both Paul and James turn to Abraham as an example.

 


ESV James 2:17 So also faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead. 18 But someone will say, "You have faith and I have works." Show me your faith apart from your works, and I will show you my faith by my works. 19 You believe that God is one; you do well. Even the demons believe- and shudder! 20 Do you want to be shown, you foolish person, that faith apart from works is useless? 21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered up his son Isaac on the altar? 22 You see that faith was active along with his works, and faith was completed by his works; 23 and the Scripture was fulfilled that says, "Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness"- and he was called a friend of God. 24 You see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone.


Notice how Paul appeals to Gen 15 and James appeals to Genesis 22, and specifically how the events of Gen 22 fulfill the work of God in Gen 15 (justification by faith):

 


ESV Genesis 15:6 And he believed the LORD, and he counted it to him as righteousness.


ESV Genesis 22:16 and said, "By myself I have sworn, declares the LORD, because you have done this and have not withheld your son, your only son, 17 I will surely bless you, and I will surely multiply your offspring as the stars of heaven and as the sand that is on the seashore. And your offspring shall possess the gate of his enemies, 18 and in your offspring shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, because you have obeyed my voice."


 

Justified by Works?

In the sight of God Abraham is justified in Gen. 15, long before he offers Isaac on the altar.  God knew Abraham’s faith to be genuine.  Abraham is justified to us, to human eyes, in Gen.22 when he shows his faith through his obedience.  Jesus used the same verb in Luke 7:35 when he declared “wisdom is justified by all her children” (i.e. shown to be genuine wisdom by its results).  Here, to “justify” does not mean to be reconciled to God but to demonstrate the truth of a prior claim.  Just as true wisdom s demonstrated by its fruit, Abraham’s claim to faith is justified by his outward obedience.  [The Reformation Study Bible notes on James 2:21, p. 1803]

 

Justification is by faith alone, but justifying faith can never be alone.

 


ESV Romans 4:4 Now to the one who works, his wages are not counted as a gift but as his due. 5 And to the one who does not work but trusts him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is counted as righteousness, 6 just as David also speaks of the blessing of the one to whom God counts righteousness apart from works: 7 "Blessed are those whose lawless deeds are forgiven, and whose sins are covered; 8 blessed is the man against whom the Lord will not count his sin."


 

Faith (equated with trust in verse 5) is counted as righteousness—this is grace (undeserved favor), not something owed, something we are blessed to receive.

 


ESV Romans 4:9 Is this blessing then only for the circumcised, or also for the uncircumcised? We say that faith was counted to Abraham as righteousness. 10 How then was it counted to him? Was it before or after he had been circumcised? It was not after, but before he was circumcised. 11 He received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised. The purpose was to make him the father of all who believe without being circumcised, so that righteousness would be counted to them as well, 12 and to make him the father of the circumcised who are not merely circumcised but who also walk in the footsteps of the faith that our father Abraham had before he was circumcised.


 

  • Abraham was not circumcised at the time of God’s choice
  • “those who believe without being circumcised” (the gentiles) also have righteousness counted to them (by grace… unearned).

 


ESV Romans 4:13 For the promise to Abraham and his offspring that he would be heir of the world did not come through the law but through the righteousness of faith. 14 For if it is the adherents of the law who are to be the heirs, faith is null and the promise is void. 15 For the law brings wrath, but where there is no law there is no transgression. 16 That is why it depends on faith, in order that the promise may rest on grace and be guaranteed to all his offspring- not only to the adherent of the law but also to the one who shares the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all, 17 as it is written, "I have made you the father of many nations"- in the presence of the God in whom he believed, who gives life to the dead and calls into existence the things that do not exist. 18 In hope he believed against hope, that he should become the father of many nations, as he had been told, "So shall your offspring be." 19 He did not weaken in faith when he considered his own body, which was as good as dead ( since he was about a hundred years old), or when he considered the barrenness of Sarah's womb.


“heir of the world” –drawn from Gen 15, 17, & 22.  Christ (the seed of Abraham Gal 3:16) has begun inheriting the earth.


ESV Galatians 3:16 Now the promises were made to Abraham and to his offspring. It does not say, "And to offsprings," referring to many, but referring to one, "And to your offspring," who is Christ


ESV Matthew 28:18 And Jesus came and said to them, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. 19 Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,


 

This promise preceded Moses (Law) by 430 years.  It includes more than Abraham’s physical seed.

 

the God … who gives life to the dead and calls into existence the things that do not exist—Biblical faith is founded on good rational reasons, they are NOT blind leaps of “faith.”  He goes on:

 


ESV Romans 4:20 No distrust made him waver concerning the promise of God, but he grew strong in his faith as he gave glory to God, 21 fully convinced that God was able to do what he had promised. 22 That is why his faith was "counted to him as righteousness." 23 But the words "it was counted to him" were not written for his sake alone, 24 but for ours also. It will be counted to us who believe in him who raised from the dead Jesus our Lord, 25 who was delivered up for our trespasses and raised for our justification.


 

 

Why was he convinced that God was able to do what he had promised?  Do we not have even more evidence of God’s faithfulness and power?


 

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